The Role of Local Structures in the United Kingdom in the Crime Prevention System and the Possibilities of Applying Their Experience in Uzbekistan
Annotation / Abstract
Abstract. This article provides a comparative legal and criminological analysis of the role of local structures in crime prevention in Great Britain. The legal and institutional framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan is compared with the British experience, and practical recommendations are proposed on expanding local powers, introducing an integrated prevention model, applying an evidence-based approach, and developing targeted programs considering regional specifics.
Full text
Shu nuqtai nazardan, R.J. Sampson, Stephen W. Raudenbush va Felton Earls [9] tomonidan ilgari surilgan “jamoaviy samaradorlik” (collective efficacy) konsepsiyasi muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Ushbu yondashuvga koʻra, jinoyatchilik darajasi koʻp jihatdan mahalladagi ijtimoiy muhitga bogʻliq boʻlib, bunda aholining oʻzaro ishonchi va tartibni birgalikda saqlashga tayyorligi muhim oʻrin tutadi.
Londonda istiqomat qiluvchi 60 mingdan ortiq fuqaro ishtirokida oʻtkazilgan tadqiqotlar [10] ham ushbu fikrni tasdiqlaydi, yaʼni jamoaviy samaradorlik yuqori boʻlgan hududlarda zoʻravonlik bilan bogʻliq jinoyatlar kamroq qayd etilgan. Shuning uchun ushbu mamlakatda mahalliy tuzilmalar faqatgina maʼmuriy ijrochilar boʻlibgina qolmay, jamoadagi oʻzaro ishonchni mustahkamlash, ijtimoiy bogʻliqlikni kuchaytirish orqali jinoyatlarning oldini olishga bevosita taʼsir koʻrsatuvchi muhim subyektlar hisoblanadi.
Soʻnggi yillarda mamlakatimizda fuqarolik jamiyati institutlarining mahalliy profilaktikadagi ishtirokini kengaytirish, aholida daxldorlik hissini oshirishga qaratilgan manzilli ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Biroq, oʻrganishlar mazkur faoliyat hali toʻliq shakllanmagan va tizimli yoʻlga qoʻyilmaganidan dalolat bermoqda.
Davlat hokimiyati va boshqaruv organlari, “mahalla yettiligi” vakillari hamda nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari orqali aholi faolligini oshirishga qaratilgan muayyan ishlar amalga oshirilayotgan boʻlsa-da, ushbu faoliyatni muvofiqlashtirish, tizimli boshqarish va dalillarga asoslangan monitoring qilish amaliyoti yetarli darajada yoʻlga qoʻyilmagan.
Ayniqsa, aholi oʻrtasida jamoaviy ishonch va oʻzaro hamkorlik anʼanaviy xususiyat kasb etgan boʻlsa-da, uni baholash va nazorat qilishning formal mexanizmlari amaliyotga toʻliq joriy etilmagan.
Mahalliy profilaktik chora-tadbirlar, asosan, huquqiy, ijtimoiy normalar va milliy anʼanalarga tayanadi, biroq ularni rejalashtirish va baholashda statistik tahlil hamda ilmiy tadqiqotlardan foydalanish darajasi pastligicha qolmoqda.
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O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Kriminologiya tadqiqot instituti