Improving the System of Crime Research and Prevention in Modern Criminology
Annotation / Abstract
Abstract. This article highlights the necessity of using innovative approaches in the scientific study of crime in modern criminology and the issues of using digital technologies in crime prevention. Also, the best practices of foreign countries in conducting modern criminological research were analyzed, and issues of their implementation in our country were discussed.
Full text
Empirik metodlar kriminologiyada asosiy o‘rin egallaydi:
- So‘rovnomalar, intervyular, kuzatuv va eksperimentlar orqali ijtimoiy xatti-harakatlar tahlil qilinadi;
- Statistik tahlil vositalari orqali jinoyatlar soni, sabablari, hududiy va demografik tavsiflari aniqlanadi;
- Zamonaviy dasturiy vositalar (SPSS, R, Python, Tableau)[5] yordamida katta hajmdagi jinoyat ma’lumotlari vizual ko‘rinishga keltiriladi.
Normativ-huquqiy tahlil kriminologik tadqiqotlarning asosiy tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadi. Profilaktik choralar to‘g‘risidagi qonunchilik hujjatlari, jinoyatchilik statistikasi, xalqaro huquqiy hujjatlar, sud amaliyoti va jinoyat protsessi elementlari tadqiqot asosini tashkil etadi.
Zamonaviy kriminologik yondashuvlar orasida interaktiv kriminologiya, sistemali yondashuv, profilaktik diagnostika modeli, qiyosiy kriminologiya, kiberkriminologiya, psixo-kriminologiya keng qo‘llanilmoqda.
Masalan, xorijiy davlatlarda kriminal xavf darajasi yuqori bo‘lgan hududlar bo‘yicha issiq nuqtalar (Hot Spot Mapping) texnologiyasi asosida prognozlar tuziladi.
Shuningdek, kriminologiyada interaktiv model — jinoyatga olib keluvchi har bir ijtimoiy omilni tarmoq sifatida bog‘lab, tizimiy yechim topishga xizmat qiladi. Bu model jinoyat sabablari, sharoitlari, jinoyatchining shaxsiy xususiyatlari, ijtimoiy muhit va huquqni muhofaza qiluvchi tuzilmalarning harakati o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro aloqalarni tahlil qilish imkonini beradi.
References
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Authors
O'zbekiston Respublikasi Kriminologiya tadqiqot instituti