The Experience of Foreign Countries in Creating a Safe Environment in Residential Areas
Annotation / Abstract
Abstract. This article analyzes the experience of foreign countries in creating a safe environment in residential areas. The article examines community-based crime prevention models in Japan, Singapore, the USA, the UK, and Scandinavian countries, their specific features, advantages, and challenges. The theoretical foundations of these models, practical results, and possibilities for their application in the context of Uzbekistan are also considered. The article emphasizes the role of community participation, social capital, use of technology, and public-private partnership in community-based crime prevention systems. Based on the research results, specific proposals and recommendations for creating a safe environment in residential areas of Uzbekistan have been developed.
Full text
Yaponiyaning Milliy politsiya agentligi (NPA) 1990 yillardan beri jinoyatchilikning oldini olishda mahalliy jamoatchilikning ko‘proq ishtirok etishini targ‘ib qilib kelmoqda va ijtimoiy kapitalni jinoyatchilikning oldini olish strategiyasi sifatida qurishga intilmoqda. Politsiya jinoyatchilik muammosini yakka o‘zi hal qila olmasligini anglab yetgan va shu sababli Yaponiyadagi ko‘p munitsipalitetlar «singan oynalar» nazariyasidan va jinoyatchilikning atrof-muhit dizayni orqali oldini olish (CPTED) g‘oyasidan mahalladagi jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashishda keng foydalanmoqda.
Yaponiya tajribasining afzalliklari qatorida jamoa uyushmalari tomonidan boshqariladigan jinoyatchilikning oldini olish faoliyati butun Yaponiya bo‘ylab keng tarqalgan va atrof-muhit kriminologiyasidagi g‘oyani namoyon etishini, jinoyatchilikning oldini olish bo‘yicha ko‘ngilli tashkilotlar soni o‘sishda davom etayotganligini (2024 yil oxirida 48 000 ga yaqin bunday tashkilotlar mavjud bo‘lgan) ko‘rsatish mumkin.
Jamoatchilik a’zolarining maxsus harakatlari ijtimoiy kapitalni boyitib, ham subyektiv, ham obyektiv ravishda jamoa xavfsizligi va osoyishtaligini ta’minlashga xizmat qilmoqda.
Singapur dunyodagi eng xavfsiz shahar-davlatlardan biri hisoblanadi va uning jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurash hamda xavfsiz muhitni yaratish borasidagi tajribasi jahon hamjamiyati tomonidan yuqori baholanmoqda [10].
Singapurning jamoaga asoslangan xavfsizlik modeli quyidagi asosiy elementlarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
- qo‘shnichilik qo‘mitalari (Neighbourhood Committees);
- fuqaro yordam patrullari (Citizen on Patrol);
- mahalla politsiya markazlari (Neighbourhood Police Centres);
- xavfsiz mahalla dasturi (Safe Neighbourhood Programme).
References
Foydalanilgan manbalar
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Authors
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Jamoat xavfsizligi universiteti