Criminological Foundations for Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies to Identify the Causes and Conditions of Crime
Annotation / Abstract
Abstract. This article examines the criminological foundations of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in identifying the causes and conditions of crimes and ensuring their early prevention. The study highlights the potential for analyzing factors influencing criminality from the perspective of contemporary criminological theories. Furthermore, it analyzes the effectiveness, legal implications, and ethical aspects of artificial intelligence systems employed in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, and Singapore. The article substantiates the institutional, legal, and technological foundations for the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in crime prediction and prevention in Uzbekistan and proposes recommendations for the development of the national “Criminology AI” platform.
Full text
Kriminologik tadqiqotlar natijalari jinoyatlar muayyan sabab va shart-sharoitlar taʼsirida sodir etilishini koʻrsatadi. Anʼanaviy kriminologiya bu sabablarni sotsiologik, psixologik va iqtisodiy nuqtayi nazardan oʻrganib kelgan. Ammo hozirgi kunda katta hajmdagi maʼlumotlar (Big Data) – ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, iqtisodiy koʻrsatkichlar, demografik oʻzgarishlar, meteorologik maʼlumotlar insonning tahliliy qobiliyatidan ancha oshib ketdi. Aynan shu boʻshliqni bugungi kunda sunʼiy intellekt texnologiyalari toʻldirmoqda.
Shu nuqtayi nazardan, jinoyatlarning sabab va shart-sharoitlarini aniqlashda sunʼiy intellekt texnologiyalarining imkoniyatlarini oʻrganish alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Chunki mazkur texnologiyalar katta hajmdagi maʼlumotlarni qisqa vaqt ichida tahlil qilish, jinoyatchilikka taʼsir etuvchi omillar oʻrtasidagi yashirin bogʻliqliklarni aniqlash hamda kriminogen xavflarni oldindan baholash imkonini beradi.
Mavzuning dolzarbligi quyidagi omillar bilan belgilanadi: birinchidan, globallashuv, raqamlashtirish va axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarining jadal rivojlanishi natijasida jinoyatchilikning yangi shakl va usullari paydo boʻlib, ularga qarshi kurashishning anʼanaviy mexanizmlari har doim ham yetarli samara bermayotganligi huquqni muhofaza qilish faoliyatiga zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish zaruratini kuchaytirmoqda; ikkinchidan, Oʻzbekistonda jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashish, jamoat xavfsizligini taʼminlash va huquqbuzarliklarning barvaqt oldini olish davlat siyosatining ustuvor yoʻnalishlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu vazifalarni samarali amalga oshirishda sunʼiy intellekt texnologiyalarining imkoniyatlaridan foydalanish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda; uchinchidan, sunʼiy intellekt texnologiyalarini huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari faoliyatiga integratsiya qilish boʻyicha xalqaro amaliyot jadal rivojlanayotgan boʻlsa-da, mazkur texnologiyalarning kriminologik imkoniyatlari, ulardan foydalanishning huquqiy asoslari va amaliy mexanizmlari milliy huquqshunoslik fanida yetarlicha tadqiq etilmagan.
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Authors
O'zbekiston Respublikasi Kriminologiya tadqiqot instituti